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EV Charger Security - Guide to Protecting Your Charging Station
Joel Manansala

EV Charger Security - Guide to Protecting Your Charging Station

  • EV charger security is essential to prevent cable theft, energy theft, and unauthorized use.

  • Vulnerabilities span physical access, network security, and software flaws.

  • Smart EV chargers offer advanced protections like PIN codes, RFID cards, smartphone apps, and remote monitoring.

  • Physical security measures—locks, barriers, cameras, and lighting—help deter thieves at both home chargers and public charging stations.

  • Energy theft can be stopped with authentication and charging schedule controls.

  • U.S. standards like UL 2594 and NEC Article 625 govern charger safety; NIST guidelines shape cybersecurity best practices.

  • Insurance, legal protections, and ongoing maintenance ensure your charger stays properly secured.

  • Layered protection = peace of mind for EV owners and businesses alike.

Why EV Charger Security Matters

EV charger security matters because your equipment, energy, and data can all be at risk if left unprotected.

As electric vehicles (EVs) gain popularity across the U.S., chargers and cables are becoming common targets for theft, vandalism, and even cyberattacks. Imagine returning to your driveway to find your charging cable missing, dealing with an inflated electric bill from energy theft, or discovering that a poorly secured smart charger has exposed sensitive personal information.

With these risks growing alongside EV adoption, protecting your charger is just as important as protecting your car. This guide covers everything you need to know, from vulnerabilities and attack surfaces to physical protections, smart charger features, and legal safeguards.

Common EV Charger Vulnerabilities

Every electric car charger has weak points that thieves or hackers could exploit. Understanding these risks is the first step toward securing your investment.

Physical Risks

The most obvious threats are physical. Electric car charging cable theft has surged as criminals strip EV cables for copper or resell them second-hand. Vandalism at public charging points is another growing problem. In fact, theft and vandalism incidents targeting EV chargers have more than doubled in 2025 compared to 2023, underscoring the need for robust physical protection.

At home, a home EV charger left exposed in a driveway may also invite unauthorized use by neighbors or passersby.

Network Security Risks

As smart EV chargers connect to Wi-Fi, they become part of your home network. Without proper security measures, they can expose personal data, billing details, or even allow hackers to access or manipulate the charger remotely. Using network segmentation also limits the spread of malware, confining potential intrusions to the charger rather than the entire home or business network.

Software Vulnerabilities

If an EV charger doesn’t receive regular updates, outdated software can leave open doors for exploitation. Attackers may load malicious firmware or bypass authentication features designed by manufacturers, undermining charger security.

In recent years, some public charging stations have even been hit with malware or ransomware attacks, disrupting services and attempting to steal sensitive driver data. Chargers built with development boards, such as Raspberry Pi, can be especially vulnerable when left with unsecured firmware, as attackers can more easily extract information or manipulate the system.

Keeping software up to date and ensuring chargers use secure, production-grade hardware is critical to reducing these risks.

The Attack Surface of Electric Vehicle Chargers

The “attack surface” is every point where a secure EV charger could be breached. For EV owners, recognizing these points helps in building defenses.

  • Physical access: Unlocked ports or exposed charging cables give thieves opportunities to tamper or steal.

  • Network connectivity: Weak Wi-Fi passwords or unsecured connections allow intrusions.

  • Software flaws: Unpatched systems or weak apps provide entry points.

  • User habits: Leaving your EV unattended for long hours at a public charging station can also invite trouble.

By limiting exposure at each layer (physical, digital, and behavioral), you can significantly prevent theft and deter thieves.

Smart Charger Security Features (What to Look For)

Smart chargers are the backbone of electric mobility, but they must be chosen wisely. Many offer built-in safeguards that add an extra layer of protection.

Authentication

A secure electric car charger should require authentication before starting a session. Look for:

  • RFID cards or key fobs. While RFID cards are convenient, they can be duplicated; using secure mobile apps for access and payments provides stronger protection.

  • PIN codes directly on the unit.

  • Smartphone app locks that grant access only to registered users.

Remote Monitoring

Modern smart chargers allow you to track charging activity in real time. This means you can:

  • Stop unauthorized charging remotely.

  • Receive alerts when a session starts or ends.

  • Monitor electricity use for signs of energy theft.

Scheduling and Access Control

By setting a charging schedule, EV owners can ensure their charger only works during certain hours. This prevents outsiders from charging overnight or when the home is empty.

Encryption and Secure Boot

On the technical side, encryption ensures that data traveling between the charger and the network remains secure, while Secure Boot verifies firmware integrity to prevent malicious tampering. UK and EU regulations mandate Secure Boot, and many American manufacturers are increasingly following UL 2594 and NIST cybersecurity guidelines to align with global best practices.

To prevent man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks, it’s essential that both your charger and companion app use encrypted and authenticated communication protocols. EV owners and businesses should also look for ISO 15118-20 support, which strengthens security in vehicle-to-grid (V2G) communications.

Ultimately, the most effective strategy is security by design, where protections are built into chargers from the earliest stages of development, not added later as patches or workarounds.

Physical Security Measures for EV Chargers

Digital security is vital, but physical barriers are equally important. Strong physical security measures not only protect equipment but also deter thieves from targeting your setup.

At Home

Protecting your EV charger at home starts with smart placement and basic security measures:

  • Install chargers in a garage or out of street view to reduce visibility and temptation.

  • Use a tethered EV charger (with a permanently attached cable) or a smart socketed charger with a lock to prevent easy cable theft.

  • Add a security camera, motion lighting, or even a simple padlock on cables for an extra layer of defense. Motion-sensor lighting can also serve as a strong deterrent, startling would-be thieves and drawing attention to suspicious activity.

  • Keep the charger in a well-lit location with limited access to outsiders, minimizing opportunities for tampering.

In Public

When using public charging stations, take added precautions:

  • Park in busy, well-lit areas.

  • Stay nearby when possible.

  • Use padlocks or cable locks on your EV charging cable.

  • Avoid leaving the EV unattended for extended periods.

Workplace & Commercial Installations

Businesses that provide charging stations for employees or the public face unique security challenges and should take proactive steps to safeguard their infrastructure:

  • Install bollards, fencing, or other physical barriers to prevent accidental damage or deliberate tampering.

  • Deploy security cameras and clear signage to discourage theft and vandalism.

  • Require authentication with RFID cards or mobile apps before use, ensuring that only authorized drivers can access charging services.

  • Encourage community cooperation, such as shared surveillance systems and neighborhood reporting, which can further discourage misuse and strengthen overall EV charging security.

Protecting Against Energy Theft

Unauthorized charging, or energy theft, can quietly raise electricity bills for EV owners and businesses. Fortunately, it’s preventable.

Smart solutions include:

  • Require authentication before starting a session.

  • Set a charging schedule so outsiders can’t plug in after hours.

  • Use remote monitoring apps to spot unusual activity.

  • Track usage logs to verify that only approved users are charging.

At commercial sites, smart chargers also help ensure compliance with company policies and prevent malicious actors from exploiting the system.

Legal & Insurance Protections (U.S. Context)

Beyond locks and apps, the law and your insurance can also act as safeguards.

  • In the U.S., electricity theft is a crime, and trespass laws may apply if someone accesses your charger without permission.

  • Homeowners’ insurance may cover theft or vandalism of home chargers, but always check your policy.

  • For businesses, charging stations may fall under property or liability coverage. Confirm that chargers are considered critical infrastructure within your policy.

  • Document serial numbers, installation photos, and receipts to strengthen insurance claims.

Maintenance and Ongoing Security

Keeping your charger properly secured is an ongoing responsibility. EV owners should combine security measures with regular upkeep.

  • Update software/firmware regularly to close vulnerabilities.

  • Inspect charging cables monthly for wear or tampering.

  • Test locks and barriers to confirm they’re effective.

  • Use your charger’s smartphone app to review access logs.

  • Stay informed about security standards like UL 2594, NEC Article 625, and NIST guidance.

Routine checks ensure your charger stays secure against evolving risks. Businesses and commercial operators should also conduct penetration testing to uncover and patch vulnerabilities before they can be exploited.

What We Suggest: Secure Smart Chargers for EV Owners

If you’re looking to upgrade to a secure EV charger that balances safety, convenience, and smart features in your charging infrastructure, here are some Lectron options we recommend. All come with built-in security measures like Wi-Fi connectivity, app-based control, scheduling, and protective certifications (UL 2594, ETL, FCC).

🔌 Level 1 Smart Chargers (120V) – Ideal for Overnight Home Charging

⚡ Level 2 Smart Chargers (240V) – Faster, Flexible, and Home-Ready

👉 Why these? They combine smart features (app scheduling, Wi-Fi monitoring), built-in safety certifications, and portable or home-ready options. For EV owners, that means chargers that are properly secured against theft, misuse, and cyber risks.

Best Practices Checklist for EV Owners

Here’s a quick list for securing your charger and charging cables:

  • ✅ Install a UL 2594–certified secure EV charger.

  • ✅ Follow NEC Article 625 requirements for home EV chargers.

  • ✅ Add physical barriers like locks, bollards, or security cameras.

  • ✅ Use a smart charger with PIN codes, RFID cards, or app authentication.

  • ✅ Place chargers in well-lit areas with limited access.

  • ✅ Monitor with remote apps and charging schedule controls.

  • ✅ Regularly inspect for tampering and update firmware.

  • ✅ Confirm your insurance policy covers chargers and charging infrastructure.

FAQs

  • What protection is required for EV chargers?

    EV chargers need physical locks, surge protection, weatherproofing, and network safeguards like encryption and authentication.

  • How to prevent people from using your EV charger?

    Use PIN codes, RFID cards, or a smartphone app lock on a smart charger.

  • What physical security measures protect EV chargers from theft or vandalism?

    Locks, bollards, security cameras, and installing chargers in well-lit or limited-access areas.

  • What are the main cybersecurity risks of EV chargers?

    Hacking through weak Wi-Fi, outdated firmware, and unsecured apps or APIs.

  • What security standards and regulations apply to EV chargers?

    In the U.S., UL 2594 (safety), NEC Article 625 (installation), and NIST cybersecurity guidance.

  • What are the top security features to look for in an EV charger?

    RFID/PIN authentication, Wi-Fi app control, remote monitoring, OTA updates, and encryption.

  • Are Tesla-compatible chargers and adapters just as secure as standard EV chargers?

    Yes, when installed properly and paired with authentication features, Tesla chargers and adapters offer the same security.

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